Categories

Nikola Marković, MA
In­sti­tu­te of In­ter­na­ti­o­nal Po­li­tics and Eco­no­mics, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

 

YUGOSLAVIA AND CYPRUS CRISIS 1974: FROM THE COUP OF GREEK OFFICERS ON JULY 15 TO THE MIDDLE OF AUGUST

Vol. XLIII, 1/2025, pp. 179-196
https://doi.org/10.29362/ist20veka.2025.1.mar.179-196

 

ABSTRACT/RESUME:

This pa­per di­scus­ses Yugo­sla­via’s ro­le in the 1974 Cyprus cri­sis, span­ning from the Gre­ek of­fi­cers’ co­up on July 15 to Tur­key’s se­cond at­tack in mid-Au­gust. In or­der to understand the con­text of the events, the aut­hor expla­ins events in Cyprus and Yugoslav perspec­ti­ves un­til 1974. Bel­gra­de fe­a­red the cri­sis spre­a­ding thro­ug­ho­ut the Mediterra­ne­an and Bal­kans af­ter Pre­si­dent Ma­ka­ri­os’s overt­hrow on July 15. To­get­her with the non-alig­ned sta­tes, Yugo­sla­via pro­vi­ded di­plo­ma­tic sup­port to Cyprus and the le­gal pre­si­dent Ma­ka­ri­os. The actions of Gre­e­ce were se­en by Yugo­slav of­fi­ci­als as a vi­o­la­ti­on of the ter­ri­to­ri­al in­te­grity and so­ve­re­ignty of an in­de­pen­dent and non-alig­ned sta­te. Pro­tests were sent to At­hens and Western co­un­tri­es, whi­le co­o­pe­ra­ti­on was esta­blis­hed with Tur­key re­gar­ding the over­flight of Tur­kish mi­li­tary pla­nes over Yugo­slav ter­ri­tory. When Tur­key in­ter­ve­ned on the island on July 20, Yugo­sla­via sup­por­ted this ac­ti­on if its aim was to re­turn the le­gal re­gi­me of Ma­ka­ri­os and pro­tect the Tur­kish mi­no­rity. Af­ter fa­i­led ne­go­ti­a­ti­ons in Ge­ne­va, when Tur­key la­unc­hed a se­cond in­ter­ven­ti­on on Au­gust 14, Yugo­sla­via de­ci­ded to re­act so that the Turks would not im­ple­ment the plan to di­vi­de the island and thre­a­ten the po­si­ti­on of Ma­ka­ri­os. The per­mis­si­on for Tur­kish pla­nes to fly over its ter­ri­tory was re­vo­ked, whi­le the Mi­ni­ster of Fo­re­ign Af­fa­irs, Mi­loš Mi­nic, was sent to me­di­a­te in At­hens, An­ka­ra and Ni­co­sia.

 

KEYWORDS: Yugo­sla­via, Ti­to, Mi­nić, Cyprus cri­sis, Ma­ka­ri­os, Tur­key, Gre­e­ce, USA, Cyprus, Kis­sin­ger

 

REFERENCES:

  • Adamson, Fiona B. „Democratization and the Domestic Sources of Foreign Policy: Turkey in the 1974 Cyprus Crisis”. Political Science Quartetly, vol. 116, no. 2 (2001), 277–303. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/798062
  • Aksu, Eşref. The United Naions, intra-state peacekeeping and normative change. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9780719067488.001.0001
  • Balci, Tamer. „The Cyprus crisis and the Southern flank of NATO (1960–1975)”. International Review of Turkish Studies, vol. 2, no. 3, (2012), 30–55.
  • Bishku, Michael B. „Turkey, Greece and the Cyprus Conflict”. Journal of Third World Studies, vol. 8, no. 1, (spring, 1991), 165–179.
  • Bogetić, Dragan. Jugoslovensko-američki odnosi u vreme bipolarnog detanta 1972–1975. Beograd: Zavod za udžbenike, Institut za savremenu istoriju, 2015.
  • Bogetić, Dragan. „Kiparska kriza 1974. i pogoršavanje jugoslovensko-američkih odnosa”. Tokovi istorije, br. 3 (2014), 111–129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12677/BR.2014.33016
  • Bogetić, Dragan. „Pogoršanje jugoslovensko-američkih odnosa posle prvog samita nesvrstanih zemalja u Beogradu”. Istorija 20. veka, br. 2, (2006), 71–86.
  • Bogetić, Dragan. „Doprinos Konferencije u Lusaki 1970. institucionalizaciji saradnje nesvrstanih zemalja u njihovom reaktiviranju u međunarodnim odnosima”. Istorija 20. veka, br. 1, (2018), 161–178. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29362/ist20veka.2018.1.bog.161-178
  • Camp, Glen. D. ,,Greek-Turkish Conflict over Cyprus”. Political Science Quarterly, vol. 95, no. 1 (Spring, 1980), 43–70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2149584
  • Constandinos, Andreas. „US-British Policy on Cyprus, 1964–1974”. The Cyprus Review, vol. 23. no. 1 (2011), 17–48.
  • Dimić, Ljubodrag. Između istoka i zapada: Jugoslavija, Velike sile i pitanje evropske bezbednosti (1945–1975). Beograd: Filip Višnjić, 2022.
  • Dimić, Ljubodrag. „Yugoslav Diplomacy and the Greek Coup d’État of 1967”. Balcanica, vol. L (2019), 397–425. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/BALC1950397D
  • Čavoški, Jovan. „Za jedan pravedniji svet: Jugoslavija, nesvrstani i borba za ’Novi međunarodni ekonomski poredak‘ (1973–1976)“. Tokovi istorije, br. 2 (2022), 217–248. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31212/tokovi.2022.2.cav.217-248
  • Jackson, Edward J, Uyar, Mesut. Phase Line Attila, The Amphibious Campaign for Cyprus, 1974. Quantico: Marine Corps University Press: 2020.
  • Jovanović, Jadranka. Jugoslavija i Savet bezbednosti 1945–1985. Beograd: Institut za savremenu istorijju, 1990.
  • Ker-Lindsay, James. ,,Cyprus Probelm”, In: ,,Frozen conflicts” in Europe. Edited by Anton Bebler, 19–34. Berlin-Toronto: Barbara Budrich Publishers, 2015.
  • Klog, Ričard. Istorija Grčke novog doba. Beograd: Klio, 2001.
  • Koumoulides, John A. ,,The problem of Cyprus in recent historiography: Two perspecrives”. Balkan studies, vol. 31, no. 1 (1990), 177–182.
  • Marković, Nikola. „Jugoslavija i Jomkipurski rat 1973. godine“. Vojnoistorijski glasnik, br. 2, (2023), 163–187. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/vig2302163M
  • Mates, Leo. Međunarodni odnosi socijalističke Jugoslavije. Beograd: Nolit, 1976.
  • Mallinson, William, Fouskas, Vassilis. ,,Kissinger and the Business of Government: The Invasion of Cyprus, 15 July–20 August 1974”. The Cyprus Review, vol. 29, (2017), 111–134.
  • Mallinson, William. ,,US interests, British Acquiescence and Invasion of Cyprus”. Balkan Studies, vol. 45, no. 2 (2015), 273–291.
  • Hakov, Dženiz. Istorija savremene Turske. Prizren: Centar za turkološka istraživanja Balkana, 2011.
  • Fouskas, Vassilis K. „Uncomfortable Questions: Cyprus, October 1973–August 1974”. Contemporary European History. vol. 14, no. 1 (2005), 45–63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960777304002140
  • Papadimitriu, Georgios. ,,The Cyprus – Crisis of 1974 Before the United Nations. A Documentation”. Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America, vol. 8, no. 1(1975), 73–78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5771/0506-7286-1975-1-73
  • Theophanous, Andreas. „The Intercommunal Negotiations after 1974 and Future Prospects”. Cyprus Review, vol. 31, no. 1 (2020), 281–309.
  • Raković, Aleksandar. „Zdravstvene tegobe i smrt kiparskog Arihiepiskopa i predsednika Makariosa u jugoslovenskoj štampi (1977) s posebnim pogledom na njegov lik i delo“. Teološki pogledi, vol. 2, no. XLVIII, (2015), 339–350.
  • Sakkas, John, Zhukova, Nataliya. ,,The Soviet Union, Turkey and the Cyprus problem, 1967–1974”. Histoire Europe et relations internationales, vol. 10, no. 1 (2013), 123–135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/lci.010.0123
  • Šulcinger, Robert D. Američka diplomatija od 1900. godine. Beograd: Udruženje za studije SAD u Srbiji, 2011.