Categories

Mladenka Ivanković, PhD
Institute for the Recent History of Serbia
Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

 

Aleksandar Stojanović, PhD
Institute for the Recent History of Serbia
Belgrade, Republic of Serbia


ANTI-SEMITIC PROPAGANDA AND LEGISLATION IN SERBIA 1939-1942: CONTENT, SCALE, AIMS AND ROLE OF THE GERMAN FACTOR

Vol. XXXVII, 2/2019, pp. 85–104
https://doi.org/10.29362/ist20veka.2019.2.iva.85-104

 

ABSTRACT/RESUME:

Although some forms of anti-Semitism had existed in Serbia for decades prior to WW2, they were marginal and widely considered as extreme, without any significant public support. Rise of Nazism and German penetration into the Balkans in late 1930s had a major impact on the position of the Jews in Serbia, as Germany imposed introduction of anti-Semitic decrees and spurred a strong, anti-Semitic media campaign. Actions against Jews in 1940 were just an omen and introduction to full-scale Holocaust that would happen in the following two years. Immediately upon the occupation of Serbia German military authorities introduction a massive anti-Semitic legislative, practically expanding the rule of the Nuremberg Laws to the occupied territory. Just in a couple of months Jews were deprived of all civil and human rights, limited in their movement, deprived of their property and freedom, publicly humiliated and excluded from the society. In the second stage of the Holocaust killing began, and in less than a year almost 90% of Serbian Jews were murdered. Entire process was followed by outrageous and extensively organized anti-Semitic campaign in press and public, which had one sole purpose: to isolate the Jews, dehumanize them and show them as the eternal evil, both as the enemy of Serbian nation and of the entire humankind. Almost entire anti-Semitic legislative was introduced by the German occupying administration, while the propaganda campaign was a joint venture of Nazi authorities and extreme-right activists and movements involved in collaboration with the occupier.

 

KEYWORDS: Anti-Semitism, Holocaust, Propaganda, Legislation, Yugoslavia, Serbia, WWII Occupation, Collaboration, Nazi Germany

 

REFERENCES:

  • Aleksić, Dragan. Privreda Srbije u Drugom svetskom ratu. Beograd: Institut za noviju istoriju Srbije, 2002.
  • Aleksić, Dragan. ”The sale of confiscated Jewish immovable property in Serbia during World War II for financing war damages to Germans”. LIMES plus: geopolitički časopis, god. XII, br. 2, (2015), 21–38.
  • Anderl Gabriele, i Walter Manoschek. Propalo bekstvo, jevrejski „Kladovo – transport na putu za Palestinu 1939–1942. Beograd: Jevrejski istorijski muzej, 2004.
  • Begović, Sima. Logor Banjica 1941–1944, 1–2. Beograd: Institut za savremenu istoriju, 1989.
  • Božović, Branislav. Stradanje Jevreja u okupiranom Beogradu 1941–1944, 2. izdanje. Beograd: Muzej žrtava genocida.
  • Brauning, Kristofer. „Konačno rešenje u Srbiji: Judenlager na Sajmištu: studija slučaja“. U: Jevrejstvo, antisemitizam i holokaust: zbornik radova. Priredio Đorđe N. Lopičić, 251–281. Ljubljana: Forma 1, 2013.
  • Davičo, Hajim S. Sa Jalije. Beograd: Knjižara D. M. Đorića, 1898.
  • Definitivni rezultati popisa stanovništva od 31 marta 1931 godine, Knjige 2–4. Beograd: Državna štamparija,
  • Frusetta, James. “The Final Solution in southeastern Europe: Between Nazi catalysts and local motivations”. In: Friedman J. C. (ed.) The Routledge History of Holocaust. London – New York: Taylor and Francis group, 2011.
  • Glišić, Venceslav. Teror i zločini nacističke Nemačke u Srbiji 1941–1944. Beograd: Rad 1970.
  • Gutman Jisrael, i Haim Šacker. Holokaust i njegovo značenje. Beograd: Zavod za udžbenike, 2010.
  • Herf, Jeffrey. The Jewish Enemy. Nazi Propaganda during World War II and the Holocaust. Harvard University Press, 2008.
  • Ivanković, Mladenka. „Pregled razvoja jevrejskih omladinskih organizacija u međuratnoj Jugoslaviji“. Tokovi istorije, br. 2, (2017), 115–131. DOI: 10.31212/tokovi.2017.2.iva.115-131
  • Ivanković, Mladenka. “The `Sajmište` (Exhibition Grounds) in Semlin, Serbia: The Changing of Memory”. Jewish Political Studies Review, 22, 3&4, Jerusalem (2010), 56–69.
  • Janjetović, Zoran. Deca careva, pastorčad kraljeva. Nacionalne manjine u Jugoslaviji 1918–1941. Beograd: Institut za noviju istoriju Srbije, 2005.
  • Jovanović, Nadežda. „Antimasonska i antikomunistička izložba u Beogradu 1941. godine“. U: NOR i revolucija u Srbiji 1941–1945. Urednik Jovan Marjanović, 201–213. Beograd: Institut za istoriju radničkog pokreta Srbije, 1972.
  • Longerich, Peter. Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews. Oxford:
  • Koljanin, Milan. Jevreji i antisemitizam u Kraljevini Jugoslaviji 1918–1941. Beograd: Institut za savremenu istoriju, 2008.
  • Koljanin, Milan. „Nemačka okupaciona politika i genocid nad Jevrejima u Srbiji 1941-1942”. U: Genocid u 20. veku na prostorima jugoslovenskih zemalja, Zbornik radova. Urednik Jovan Mirković, 110–132. Kragujevac/Beograd: Muzej žrtava genocida/Institut za noviju istoriju Srbije, 2005.
  • Koljanin, Milan. Nemački logor na Beogradskom Sajmištu 1941–1944. Beograd: Institut za savremenu istoriju, 1992.
  • Koljanin, Milan. „Srpska pravoslavna crkva i jevrejsko pitanje“. Istorija 20. veka, 1, (2010), 23–39.
  • Kreso, Muharem. Njemačka okupaciona uprava u Beogradu 1941–1944 (sa osvrtom na centralne okupacione komande i ustanove za Srbiju, Jugoslaviju i Balkan). Beograd: Istorijski arhiv Beograda,
  • Lebl Albala, Paulina. Tako je bilo nekad. Beograd: A. Lebl, 2005.
  • Ljotić, Dimitrije V. Drama savremenog čovečanstva. Beograd: Zbor, 1940.
  • Manošek, Valter. Holokaust u Srbiji, Vojna okupaciona politika i uništavanje Jevreja 1941–1942. Beograd: Službeni list SRJ,
  • Milošević, Mihailo B. Jevreji za slobodu Srbije: 1912–1918. Beograd: Filip Višnjić, 1995.
  • Nemačka obaveštajna služba, Knjiga VI. Beograd: b. i., 1959.
  • Nikolić, Kosta. Strah i nada u Srbiji 1941– godine: svakodnevni život pod okupacijom. Beograd: Zavod za udžbenike 2002.
  • Perera, David. „Neki statistički podaci o Jevrejima u Jugoslaviji u periodu od 1938. do 1965. godine“. Jevrejski almanah, Issue for 1963–1964, (1971), 135–147.
  • Petranović, Branko. Srbija u Drugom svetskom ratu 1939–1945. Beograd: VINC, 1992.
  • Ristović, Milan. “Jews in Serbia during World War Two: Between ’the final solution to the Jewish question’ and ’the Righteous among Nations’”. In: Rightous among Nations, Milan Fogel, Milan Ristović, Milan Koljanin. Zemun: Jewish Community, 2010.
  • Ristović, Milan. Jugoslovenski Jevreji u bekstvu od Holokausta 1941–1945,
    izdanje. Beograd: Čigoja štampa, 2016.
  • Romano, Jaša. Jevreji Jugoslavije 1941–1945. Žrtve genocida i učesnici NOR-a. Beograd: Savez jevrejskih opština Jugoslavije, 1980.
  • Stojanović, Aleksandar. „Antimasonska izložba u Beogradu 1941. u kontekstu nacističke antimasonske aktivnosti u okupiranoj Evropi 1939–1945“. Vojnoistorijski glasnik, br. 1, (2015), 93–122.
  • Stojanović, Aleksandar, urednik. Kolaboracionistička štampa u Srbiji 1941–1944. Beograd: Filip Višnjić, 2015.
  • Stojanović, Aleksandar, urednik. Kolaboracionistička štampa u Srbiji 1941–1944, II. Beograd: Filip Višnjić, 2017.
  • Šlang, Ignjat. Jevreji u Beogradu. Beograd: autorsko izdanje, 1926.
  • Tucović, Radosav. “Collaboration of the Special Police in the Implementation of the `Final Solution` in Occupied Serbia (1941-1944)”. Limes plus, br. 2-3, (2015), 41–59.
  • Vidaković Petrov Krinka, Dragan Krsmanović, and Vojislava Radovanović. Jews of Serbia – Officers of Royal Yugoslav Army. Belgrade: Jewish historical museum, 2015.
  • Welch, David. The Third Reich: Politics and Propaganda, Second edition. Routledge, 2007. DOI: 10.4324/9780203930144